ABSTRACT
Aim: Evaluation of biological characteristics of 13 identified proteins of patients with cirrhotic liver disease is the main aim of this research
Background: In clinical usage, liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Evaluation and confirmation of liver fibrosis stages and severity of chronic diseases require a precise and noninvasive biomarkers. Since the early detection of cirrhosis is a clinical problem, achieving a sensitive, specific and predictive novel method based on biomarkers is an important task
Methods: Essential analysis, such as gene ontology [GO] enrichment and protein-protein interactions [PPI] was undergone EXPASy, STRING Database and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources query
Results: Based on GO analysis, most of proteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, intracellular organelle lumen, membrane-enclosed lumen, and extracellular region. The relevant molecular functions are actin binding, metal ion binding, cation binding and ion binding. Cell adhesion, biological adhesion, cellular amino acid derivative, metabolic process and homeostatic process are the related processes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis introduced five proteins [fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, tropomyosin 4, tropomyosin 2 [beta], lectin, Lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein and apolipoprotein A-I] as hub and bottleneck proteins
Conclusion: Our result indicates that regulation of lipid metabolism and cell survival are important biological processes involved in cirrhosis disease. More investigation of above mentioned proteins will provide a better understanding of cirrhosis disease
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the most major obstacles of ovarian tissue vitrification is suboptimal developmental competence of follicles. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 [MMP-2] and 9 [MMP-9] and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the ovaries
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 genes in the preantral follicles derived from vitrified mouse ovaries
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the gene expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the isolated preantral follicles derived from fresh and vitrified ovaries of 14-16 days old female mice through real time qRT-PCR was evaluated. Developmental parameters, including survival rate, growth, antrum formation and metaphase II oocytes were also analyzed
Results: The developmental parameters of fresh preantral follicles were significantly higher than vitrified preantral follicles. The TIMP-1 and MMP-9 expression levels showed no differences between fresh and vitrified preantral follicles [p=0.22, p=0.11 respectively]. By contrast, TIMP-2 expression significantly decreased [p=0.00] and MMP-2 expression increased significantly [p=0.00] in vitrified preantral follicles compared with to fresh ones
Conclusion: Changes in expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 after ovarian tissues vitrification is partially correlated with decrease in follicle development
ABSTRACT
Background: It has been shown by recent studies that there is a significant association between genetic polymorphisms near the regulatory of IL28B gene and response to treatment in viral diseases such as hepatitis C. However, genetic factors involving in infection progression to chronic diseases have not been determined yet. In this study, the association of these IL28B polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been analyzed
Materials and methods: In this case- control study, 110 patients infected with chronic hepatitis C and 110 healthy individuals were studied. The fragments covering rs8099917 and rs12979860 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism digestion [RFLP] method using NmuCI and BstUIendonuleases enzymes
Results: Results showed that rs12979860CC genotype were the most frequent which followed by CT and TT. However, rs8099917TT was the dominant genotype. Allele frequencies were included: Rs8099917 T=72.3%, G=27.7% and rs12979860 C=69.5%, T=30.5% at patients and rs8099917 T=80%, G=20% and rs12979860 C=73.2%, T=26.8% at control group
Conclusion: The Results showed that T allele is more prevalent than G at rs12979860 polymorphism and the frequency of C allele is higher than T at rs8099917 position. However, rs809917TT and rs12979860 CC genotypes are the most common genotypes among patients population with chronic hepatitis C
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Viral hepatitis B is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases which can lead to liver cirrhosis [LC] and hepatocellular carcinomas [HCC]. Recent studies have shown an association between single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] of interleukin 17 and inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory responses are important factors in the disease process, especially in the viral infections and chronicity or virus clearance from the body, and are closely dependent on the proper cytokine secretion from immune cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-17 [rs763780] SNP and chronic Hepatitis B virus [HBV] Infection
Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 150 patients with chronic HBV infection and 150 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method. IL-17 [rs763780] polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] methods
Results: Genotype and allele frequencies of rs763780 did not show any statistically significant difference between the patients and control groups. Genotype frequencies were 84.6% for TT, 14.7% for TC and 0.7% for CC in the patients with chronic disease and 88%, 11.3% and 0.7% for TT, TC and CC in the control group respectively [p=0.69]
Conclusion: The results showed that there was no association between IL-17 SNP rs763780 and susceptibility to develop chronic HBV infection. It seems that genetic variations in other cytokine genes other than IL-17 gene, may affect progression of infection to chronic disease
ABSTRACT
Metabolome analysis is used to evaluate the characteristics and interactions of low molecular weight metabolites under a specific set of conditions. In cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] and non-alcoholic steatotic hepatitis [NASH] the liver does not function thoroughly due to long-term damage. Unfortunately the early detection of cirrhosis, HCC, NAFLD and NASH is a clinical problem and determining a sensitive, specific and predictive novel method based on biomarker discovery is an important task. On the other hand, metabolomics has been reported as a new and powerful technology in biomarker discovery and dynamic field that cause global comprehension of system biology. In this review, it has been collected a heterogeneous set of metabolomics published studies to discovery of biomarkers in researches to introduce diagnostic biomarkers for early detection and the choice of patient-specific therapies
ABSTRACT
Background: The uterus is a dynamic tissue responding to hormonal changes during reproductive cycles. As such, uterine stem cells have been studied in recent years. Transcription factors oct4 and sox2 are critical for effective maintenance of pluripotent cell identity
Objective: The present research evaluated the mRNA expression of oct4 and sox2 in the uterine tissues of ovariectomized mice treated with steroid hormones
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult virgin female mice were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol 17 [E2], progesterone [P4], and a combination of E2 and P4 [E2 and P4] for 5 days. Uterine tissues were removed, and immunofluorescent [IF] staining and quantitative real-time PCR of oct4 and sox2 markers were performed
Results: IF showed oct4 and sox2 expression in the uterine endometrium and myometrium among all groups. The mRNA expression of oct4 [p=0.022] and sox2 [p=0.042] in the E2-treated group significantly were decreased compared to that in the control group. By contrast, the mRNA expression of oct4 and sox2 in the P4 [p=0.641 and 0.489 respectively] and E2 and P4-treated groups [p=0.267 and 0.264 respectively] did not show significant differences compared to the control group
Conclusion: The results indicate ovarian steroid hormones change the expression of oct4 and sox2 in the mice uterine tissues, which suggest the involvement of steroid hormonal regulation in uterine stem cells
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HDV infection between HBV chronic patients referred to gastroenterology ward of Taleghani hospital Tehran, Iran and also investigating the risk factors in acquiring the HDV infection. Hepatitis B virus [HBV] and Hepatitis D virus [HDV] are major public health issues. Worldwide there are approximately 350 million individuals chronically infected with the HBV. A significant part of them, including 15 to 20 million coinfected with HDV. Hepatitis Delta virus is transferred mostly through blood and body fluids. HBV and HDV infections were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Liver functional tests were assessed through auto analyzer. Patients were interviewed and data along the test results were entered into SPSS program. We used chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression for statistical analysis. 278 [54.6%] patients of the study group were male and 231 [45.4%] were female and the mean age of patients was 40.03 +/- 14.93. From 509 patients, 39[7.7%] had anti-HDV antibody. In a uni-variable analysis, age [p=0.001], periodontal procedures [p=0.015], endoscopy [p=0.024] and colonoscopy [p=0.012] were significantly related to HDV seropositivity. After adjustment by logistic regression, age remained the only significant factor in acquiring HDV infection. We highly recommend the health care workers to strictly follow the disinfection protocols of medical instruments. Since HDV seroprevalence changes over time, regular epidemiological studies are necessary to monitor the epidemiological trend of infection
ABSTRACT
Chronic hepatitis C is a major concern for global health as it causes liver problems, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Immune factors have a determinant role in susceptibility to chronic infection or clearance of infection in body. As a defensive agent, cytokines are important factors of immune system, since they can activate immune response or inhibit virus replication directly. The aim of this study is the evaluation of interleukin 20 polymorphism [rs1518108] in hepatitis C patients. This survey was a case-control study. By using PCR-RFLP method, 105 patients and 135 controls were studied randomly. We used SPSS-16 software for statistical analysis. A 10Tsignificant association was found between polymorphism [rs1518108] of interleukin 20 and hepatitis C patients [p=0.035] [OR=2.283]. The incidence of hepatitics C in males was observed five times more than that one females [p=0.01] [OR=5.18]. In addition, no significant association between polymorphism of genotypes and liver harms [chronic and cirrhosis] was found in this study [p=0.362]. Our findings show that variants of interleukin 20 polymorphism [rs1518108] in the population of the study are important factors for being affected by hepatitis C. The incidence of heterozygote allele CT was more than of homozygote genotype TT
ABSTRACT
Increased level of cholesterol may be saturated in the gall bladder resulting in gall stone. Product of ABCG8 gene is responsible for evacuation of cholesterol from cells and made dissolved cholesterol in bile. It appears that genetic changes of this gene can alter its function and make gall stone. This study was designed to evaluate association of D19H polymorphism of ABCG8 gene with gallstone susceptibility. This was a case-control research that was conducted on 100 gallstone patients and 106 healthy controls without any family history of gallstone. For DNA extraction, salting out method has been used and for detection of alleles in polymorphic region, PCR-RFLP has been used. Heterozygote genotype in this polymorphic region [G/C] had association with gallstone formation [OR=7.14; 95%CI=3.47-14.66; P<0.001]. We found that people with heterozygote genotype had more than 7 times susceptibility to gall stone compared to healthy controls. This study confirms previous studies about D19H polymorphism on ABCG8 gene and shows importance of this SNP in different populations. For this reason, we can use analysis of this region to predict susceptibility to gall stone formation
ABSTRACT
The impact of genetic changes like Single nucleotide polymorphisms on expression rate and function of cytokine is under study. The aim of the present study was to determine TNF-alpha cytokine gene polymorphism -308 G/A association with the susceptibility to hepatitis C [HCV] chronic infection. In this case-control study, 152 HCV infected patients and 164 healthy controls were studied. Genotyping was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction [ARMS-PCR] and the distribution of the TNF-alpha Gene -308 G/A polymorphism was compared in these groups. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR employs two pairs of primers to amplify two alleles in one PCR reaction. The frequency of the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism at position -308 in HCV patients was GG [88.8%], GA [11.2%], AA [0%] and in healthy controls was GG [75%], GA [24%], AA [0%] [OR=2.626, 95%CI=1.419-4.860, P=0.002]. There was a significant difference in genotype or allele frequency between HCV patients and control group [P<0.05]. Present study showed an association between TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism [-308] and hepatitis C in an Iranian population
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Genotype , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA and non-enveloped viruses. It causes different diseases in human through respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Interestingly, more than fifty serologic types of human adenovirus were distinguished and just serotypes 40 and 41 cause gastroenteritis in human. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of adenovirus infection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in the population of Tehran. Between May 2008 and May 2009, 293 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis. After DNA extraction, PCR procedures were performed, using designed primers. Positive adenoviruses samples were analyzed by the software and their serotypes were determined. 6 positive samples of 293 patients recruited to the hospital were children less than 5 years old. Additionally, they were diagnosed as serotype 41 of adenoviruses F group. According to our results, serotype 41 of adenovirus was an important cause of gastroenteritis in less than 5 years old children in population of Tehran
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Prevalence , Gastroenteritis/virology , Gastroenteritis/microbiologyABSTRACT
This study investigated the role of CD86 +237 G/C polymorphism in intensifying the risk of CRC development. Colorectal cancer [CRC] is a multi-factorial diseases. Genetic background could affect the susceptibility of individuals to CRC development. CD86 is a co-stimulatory factor on antigen-presenting cells that plays key roles in several cancer related mechanisms such as autoimmunity, transplantation and tumor immunity. A total of 300 individuals, 150 known CRC patients and 150 healthy control individuals, were subjected for the study. CD86 rs17281995 single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] was genotyped using Allelic Discrimination method. A statistically significant difference was found among CD86 gene polymorphism [rs17281995] and risk of CRC development. The frequency of GG, GC and CC in control subjects was determined as 38%, 57.3% and 4.7% respectively and in CRC subjects were determined as 42%, 85% and 23% respectively. The data shows a significant association between CC genotype [P=0.007] and C allele [P=0.017] of the studied polymorphism and risk of CRC. CC genotype and C allele are also more frequent in female patients when the data is stratified according to gender status. Our results suggest that CD86 gene alteration could affect the individual's risk for developing CRC among Iranian population and could be used as an important prognostic factor associated with risk of CRC
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , B7-2 Antigen , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Case-Control Studies , B-LymphocytesABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antibody against these viruses in individuals attending the endoscopy ward of Taleghani hospital Tehran, Iran. Blood-borne viruses such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and HTLV-1 virus are among the world's public health problems. Hepatitis viruses cause liver problems and HTLV-1 infection can lead to adult T-Cell lymphoma [ATL]. Blood samples of 219 individuals attending the endoscopy ward of Taleghani hospital between years 2009-2011 were collected. A questionnaire containing demographic data was completed for each subject. Blood samples were tested for antibody against HTLV-1, HCV and HBc by ELISA [Dia.pro Italy]. In case of positive results for anti-HBc, samples were also tested for HBs Ag antigen. Ninety two subjects were male and 127 were female. Mean age of the population was 39.87 +/- 16.47. None of the subjects had anti-HCV antibody, while 4 of them had anti-HTLV-1 antibody and 26 anti-HBc antibody; which only two of these individuals had HBs Antibody. The results of this study show that frequency of anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 antibodies are very low, while the frequency of anti-HBc was higher in the population. Since HTLV-1 is the causative agent of a type of blood cancer, it seems that screening of donated bloods in this region should be considered
ABSTRACT
Anti-tumor immunity and cytokine profiles have important roles in the development of cancer. Norepinephrine [NE] release due to sympathetic activation leads to a Th2 deviation via the beta-2 adrenergic receptor [beta -2AR] and could increase cancer progression. This study intends to determine the effects of isoproterenol [ISO; betaagonist] and propranolol [PRO; beta-antagonist] on the production of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-17. Cytokine levels have been examined in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [TILs] and peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] of patients with colorectal cancer [CRC]. The beta-2AR expression on lymphocyte subsets was also assessed. In this experimental study, TILs were isolated from fresh CRC tissue and patient PBMCs were obtained just prior to surgery. The cells were cultured in medium for 72 hours. Concomitantly, cells were stimulated with 10 micro g/ ml phytohemagglutinin [PHA] alone or in the presence of either 1 micro mol/L of PRO or 1 micro mol/L ISO. The concentration of cytokines in the supernatants was measured by ELISA. Three-color flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of beta-2AR on the lymphocyte subsets. Statistical analyses were performed via paired or independent t-test. Levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-17 were elevated after PHA-stimulation of PBMCs and TILs. However, the elevation of IFN-gamma and IL-17 production by TILs in response to PHA was significantly lower than PBMCs. In the presence of ISO, the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio reduced in all groups, but this reduction was very low in TILs. Interestingly, the effects of PRO on cytokine production were, at least partially, comparable to those of ISO. Depressed levels of beta-2AR expression were demonstrated on CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+IL-17+ lymphocytes in patients' PBMCs and TILs. This study has demonstrated the effects of ISO and PRO on cytokine production by TILs and determined beta-2AR expression on these cells. ISO failed to induce a shift toward the expected Th2 cytokine profile in CRC patients' TILs, which might be due to the downregulation of beta-2AR expression on TILs. Additionally, in this study, PRO induced a shift to a Th2 profile in PBMCs
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Cytokines , Down-Regulation , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Propranolol/pharmacology , Colorectal Neoplasms , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2ABSTRACT
Since data about prevalence of JC virus in Iranian population is scarce, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of JC virus in healthy individuals who had attended Fajr hospital and Farjam clinical laboratory in Tehran, Iran. JC virus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal encephalopathy [PML] in individuals with suppressed immune system. There are some evidences that this virus is responsible for some forms of cancers for example colorectal and gastric cancers in humans. Urine samples from 133 healthy individuals older than 18 years old were collected and after extraction of viral DNA, PCR was performed to determine the presence of virus. Results of the test and demographic data of subjects were entered into SPSS program and were analyzed by it. 71 subjects were male and 62 individuals were female. Mean age of the population was 42.23 +/- 13.47. From the total number of 133 subjects, 51 [38.3%] individuals were positive for the presence of JC virus. Gender had statistically significant relationship with JC virus presence [p= 0.042]. Age was not significantly related to JC virus presence status [p= 0.3]. Obtained rate of JC prevalence in this study is similar to the results of studies in India and Philippine. Because of this virus's role in AIDS and the role of this virus in gastrointestinal cancers have been revealed in recent years, the more extended studies on the prevalence of this virus in different populations in Iran is necessary
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis viruses are infectious agents that can infect liver and cause inflammation. The infection triggers immune response against infected cells that leads to the destruction of hepatic cells. This destruction has two consequences: leaking ALT and AST liver enzymes which increases during the course of disease and accumulation of bilirubin - a red pigmented compound released from dead red cells- which causes the yellow coloration of eyes and skin. These viruses transmit through diverse routes i.e. blood transfusion, sexual contacts and consuming water or food contaminated by feces. Enteric hepatitis viruses use the latter route for transmission; hence their outbreaks are more common in underdeveloped countries. There are currently two distinguished enteric hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E. These viruses belong to different family to viruses and their epidemiological characteristics are different. These infections can be diagnosed by an ELISA for IgM antibody. A vaccine has been developed in last decade of twentieth century for hepatitis A virus, which is administered mostly in the developed world i.e. U.S and Japan. Treatment for these infections is mostly supportive; however, in the case of fulminant hepatitis the liver transplantation might be necessary
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Hepatitis A virus , Hepatitis E virus , Disease Outbreaks , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayABSTRACT
This study investigated the prevalence of sapovirus infections in patient with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. Sapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae is one of the major causative agents of viral gastroenteritis affecting both children and adult individuals. There isn't enough data about prevalence and genotypes of sapovirus infection in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A total of 42 fecal samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis from May to July 2009. RT nested- PCR was performed for screening. To genotype the sapovirus isolates, some positive samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by sequencing of fragments of viral capsid gene region. Sapovirus was detected in 5 of 42 stool specimens from patients with acute gastroenteritis. Saporvirus detected in this study was clustered into only one distinct genogroup I/2. Sapovirus GI/2 was predominant. Our results show that among the studied viruses responsible for this disease, sapovirus was a major viral isolate virus
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Sapovirus/genetics , Caliciviridae Infections/pathology , Abdominal Pain/pathology , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
There are several studies that have identified relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal [CRC] or other kinds of cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms, BsmI and FokI, with colorectal cancer risk among Iranian patients. In this case-control study, 110 DNA samples from Iranian CRC patients and 110 samples from healthy Iranian people. Genotyping of BsmI and FokI polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP method. To confirm the RFLP results, 5% of samples were sequenced with direct sequencing method. The frequency of the VDR gene polymorphisms at BsmI and FokI restriction sites in CRC patients and healthy controls was almost similar. Allele distribution in patients and controls was same. There was no statistically significant difference in genotype or allele frequency between CRC patients and control group. VDR FokI and BsmI genotypes are not associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in Iranian patients. However, these data remain to be confirmed by studies with larger sample size in Iran
Subject(s)
Humans , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
One of the most important pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis is Human Norovirus [NoV], causing >85% of all nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis reported in Europe. NoVs are members of the Family Caliciviridae. There are three infectious genogroups; genogroups I and II are recognized as the major cause of NoVs infections in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of pediatric diarrhea caused by NoVs infection in children under 10 years with acute gastroenteritis admitted in Mofid Children's Hospital. During May 2008 to May 2009 we collected 204 stool samples from children under 10 years with acute gastroenteritis. RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed using specific primers. Using these primers we could distinguish between genogroup I and II of NoVs. Stool samples of 23 children [11.3%] were positive for NoVs RNA and 6 positive samples belonged to genogroup I [26%], 74% belonged to the genogroup II. The mean age of NoVs infected patients was 4 +/- 2.8 years. The results revealed the role of NoVs as one of the viral agents responsible for gastroenteritis in children. It also demonstrates the predominance of genogroup II of Norovirus
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/virology , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Skin metastasis from abdominal cancers occurs as infiltration or paraneoplastic syndromes. Liver and lung are the most common locations of distant metastases of colorectal cancer [CRC], but CRC skin metastases are very rare. We describe a 55-year old patient with wide spread cutaneous metastasis from a previously treated known case of adenocarcinoma of the colon. Interestingly, liver and lung, as the most common site of metastasis of CRC, had not been involved. Although, skin metastasis is a worse prognostic factor, its occurrence in CRC patient doesn't necessarily present end stage disease. So, it could be treated by early diagnosis of susceptible cutaneous lesions